Kuʻunamea hoʻohui hānaikeleawe sulfateloaʻa ka hemahemanāo ke kāpili ʻanama muli o ka makūka omo ʻana, ka oxidability ikaika, ka hōʻino ʻana i nā lako hana a me ka wikiwiki o ka hāʻule ʻana onā meaʻai, nā enzymes, nā wikamina a me ka momona i ka meaʻai,ka hopena i ka emi ʻana o ka palatabilityo ka hānai.SUSTARkeleawe chloride ʻekolu kumuhuahananā hiʻohiʻonahaʻahaʻaka hygroscopicity, maikaʻi loaka hiki ke kahe, kūpaʻa kūkulu, nāwaliwali oxidability a me ke kiʻekiʻe bioavailability aʻo iai hoʻohanohano ʻia ma ke ʻano he"hoʻokahuli aupuni"kumu keleawe.
ʻIke Huahana
Inoa kemika:ʻO ke keleawe chloride tri-basic
Kumu molekala: Cu₂(OH)₃Cl
Mkaumaha o ke kino: 213.57
ʻAno:Pauka ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻeleʻele a ʻōmaʻomaʻo paha,ʻaʻole e hoʻopili ana,me ke kino a me ka kemika maikaʻike kahe ʻana.
Nā Hōʻailona Kino a me Kemika
| Mea Hoʻohuis | Papa Kuhikuhi | |
| Cu₂ (OH)₃Cl,% | ≥97.8 | |
| Ka nui o ke keleawe, % | ≥58 | |
| ʻArsenika(e pili ana iā As), mg/kg | ≤10 | |
| Plumbum(e pili ana i ka Pb), mg/kg | ≤10 | |
| ʻO ke Cadmium (e pili ana i ke Cd), mg/kg | ≤3 | |
| Mereki(e pili ana iā Hg), mg/kg | ≤0.1 | |
| ka makū, % | ≤0.5 | |
| Maikaʻi (ma o W = 250μm kānana hoʻāʻo), % | ≥95 | |
| Nānā: Aia ka Dioxin a me ka PCBi loko o kahuahanakūlikei ke kūlana EU | ||
Hiʻohiʻona Huahanas
lHaʻahaʻaka hygroscopicitya meʻaʻole maʻalahi i ka deliquescence.
Hiki i ka huahana ke pale pono i ka caking e kū mai ana maimakūka omo ʻana o tri-basic copper chloride a hoʻolōʻihi i ke ola mālama.
lMaikaʻi loakūlike
Me ke anawaena o ka palaoa o 0.05-0.15mm a me ke kahe maikaʻi, hiki iā ia ke pale akuka lāʻau make keleaweno ka hui like ʻole ʻana me ka meaʻai.
lHoʻemi pono i ka nalowale o nā meaʻai o ka meaʻai
Cu2+ ua hoʻopili ʻia e ka pilina covalent e hoʻomaikaʻikūkulu ʻanake kūpaʻa a hoʻonāwaliwali i ka oxidation o nā huaora,phytasea me ka momona i ka meaʻai.
lKiʻekiʻe bʻepekemawaiwai
Me ke kiʻekiʻe o ka bioavailability,keleawe chloride ʻekolu kumuhiki ke hoʻemi i ka nui o ka lāʻau a hoʻoulu i ka ulu ʻana.
lMaikaʻi ka ʻono
ʻO ka palatability ke kumu o ka pae omo ʻana o ka meaʻai.ʻO ke keleawe chloride tri-basiche ʻono maikaʻi kona no ka mea he kokoke kona waiwai pHi kahiwaiwai kūlike ʻole.
Noi
(ʻAu) Wnā puaʻa i ʻai ʻia
Hoʻohuikūponohiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka tri-basic copper chloride i loko o ka mahele o kēlā me kēia lā o ka puaʻa i hoʻopau ʻiakanā hana enzyme antioxidant oCERa meCu/Zn-SODi loko o ka serum o ka puaʻa i hoʻopau ʻia a hoʻemipane hoʻoluhi oxidativea meka maʻi pākīka nui o ka puaʻa i hoʻemi ʻia ka waiū.
Ka hopena o nā kumu keleawe like ʻole ma nā enzymes antioxidant o ka puaʻa
Ka hopena o ka TBCC ma ka nui o ka maʻi diarrhea o ka puaʻa i hoʻemi ʻia
(II) Gpuaʻa hoʻopau hoe
Ke hōʻoia nei iolakino hānauof puaʻa hoʻopau uluis kake kūlana mua no ka ulu olakino o nā holoholona. ʻO ka hohonu onā ʻōpū hunahikihōʻikeka oʻo ʻana oʻōpū kokoʻO ka ʻōpū pāpaʻuʻo ka cryptʻo ka ikaika aʻuka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ka ʻōpūʻo ka hana. Ma hopepuaʻa hoʻopau uluua hānai ʻia mekeleawe chloride ʻekolu kumu, ka hohonu oemi ka crypt intestinal, hoʻomaikaʻi ka hana huna ʻōpū, a me ka loaʻa ʻana o kēlā me kēia lā, ka lakio hoʻololi hānaia mekupapaʻuka piʻi ʻana o ke kaumaha.
Ka hopena o ka TBCC ma ke ala ʻōpū o nā puaʻa
Ka hopena o ka TBCC ma ke ala ʻōpū o nā puaʻa
(III) ʻAi moa hoʻomoʻa
Noiʻihōʻike i ka hoʻohui ʻana10mg/kgkeleawe chloride ʻekolu kumu(e like me Cu) i loko o ka hānai he hopena like ia i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka hana ulu,ʻano o ka ʻōpūa memea minerali loko o nā ʻiʻo o ka ʻiʻo broiler e like me150mg/kg CuSO4(e like me Cu); me ka hoʻohui ʻana150mg/kghiki i ka tri-basic copper chloride (e like me Cu) ke hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi i ka huahana a meʻano o ka ʻōpūo ka ʻiʻo broiler.
(IV) Mea hoʻomoʻa moamoa
ʻO ke keleawe chloride tri-basichikihoʻouluka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o nā hormones e pili ana iulu ʻanaa me ka ʻai ʻana a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hana palekana a me ke olakino kino o ka ʻōpū ʻōpū, i mea e hoʻonui ai i ka huahua o ka moa broiler a me ka uku hānai a hoʻemi i ka lakio hoʻololi hānai.
| Puna keleawe | Pae keleawe | Lā 1-21 | Lā22-42 | Lā 1-42 | |||||||||
| BW1d g/manu | BW21d g/manu | AFI g/manu | BWG g/manu | F:G g:g | BW42d g/manu | AFI g/manu | BWG g/manu | F:G g:g | AFI g/manu | BWG g/manu | F:G g:g | ||
| KŪ'Ē | 0 | 43.47 | 821.5* | 1057* | 778.0* | 1.359 | 2491* | 2897 | 1670 | 1.734 | 3954 | 2447* | 1.614 |
| ʻO CuS | 40 | 43.5 | 847 | 1091 | 803.5 | 1.358 | 2514b | 2901 | 1667 | 1.740 | 3993 | 2471b | 1.616 |
| 80 | 43.45 | 868.4 | 1139 | 825.2 | 1.381 | 2530b | 2916 | 1662 | 1.755 | 4055 | 2487b | 1.630 | |
| 120 | 43.47 | 872.2 | 1123 | 828.7 | 1.356 | 2533b | 2887 | 1661 | 1.738 | 4010 | 2490b | 1.611 | |
| 160 | 43.55 | 869.7 | 1121 | 826.2 | 1.356 | 2549b | 2946 | 1679 | 1.754 | 4067 | 2505b | 1.623 | |
| ʻOki | 40 | 43.42 | 863.9 | 1101 | 820.7 | 1.341 | 2536b | 2899 | 1672 | 1.733 | 4000 | 2493b | 1.604 |
| 80 | 43.50 | 903.8 | 1168 | 860.2 | 1.357 | 2637a | 2978 | 1734 | 1.718 | 4147 | 2594a | 1.599 | |
| 120 | 43.47 | 886.7 | 1126 | 843.2 | 1.335 | 2555b | 2869 | 1668 | 1.720 | 3995 | 2511b | 1.591 | |
| 160 | 43.48 | 897.6 | 1167 | 854.1 | 1.366 | 2548b | 2857 | 1650 | 1.731 | 4023 | 2504b | 1.607 | |
| SEM | 0.04 | 12.87 | 19.83 | 12.86 | 0.012 | 12.03 | 42.14 | 19.48 | 0.020 | 40.73 | 12.02 | 0.014 | |
Nānā: nā waiwai ac me ka ʻole o ka mea likepalapala kiʻekiʻehōʻike i kahi ʻokoʻa koʻikoʻi (P<0.05); CON: Mana; CuS:ʻO CuS:CʻOper sulfate; ʻOki:ʻO ke keleawe chloride tri-basic; ʻAhahui Hoʻonaʻauao:Ka ʻai ʻana i ka meaʻai maʻamau;BWG:Ka piʻi ʻana o ke kaumaha o ke kino;F:G:ʻO ka lakio hānai-loaʻa; * hōʻike i kahi ʻokoʻa koʻikoʻi ma ka kaohi a me nā hui keleawe āpau (P<0.05).
(V) Rʻōmaʻomaʻos
ʻO ke keleawe chloride tri-basicʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai a hoʻokuʻu i kahi Cu liʻiliʻi2+, no laila, ʻaʻohe onahopena kū'ēma luna o Cu, S a me Mo i loko orumenakā hiki iā ia ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka bioavailability o ke keleawe a me ka digestibility o ka rumen. Eia kekahi, hiki iā ia ke hoʻonui maikaʻi i ka loaʻa o kēlā me kēia lā a me ka hānaikamaʻilio ʻanaka lakio o ka mea ʻūlūa me kaka pono o ka moʻomeheu a mehoʻēmikake kumukūʻai hānai ma mua okeleawe sulfatea me nā cu-lys.
Ka hopena o nā kumu keleawe like ʻole ma luna o nā bipi ʻōpio
Ka hopena o ka TBCC ma ka carassius auratus gibelio
(VI) Aholoholona waika
Hoʻohuitri-kumu keleawe chloridei lokomeaʻai waihiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka huahana, ka wikiwiki o ka ʻai ʻana a me ka helu biochemical koko onā holoholona wai a me nāhoʻonui i ka ʻōpūnā mea kanu microbial, no laila he ʻano kūikawā konahikika waiwai no ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka meaʻai wai.
Ka hoʻohana ʻana a me ka mahele lāʻau
Ka laulā o ka noi: Wnā puaʻa i ʻai ʻia, nā puaʻa hoʻopau ulu, manu, mea ʻumiʻumis, iʻaes, ʻōpaenāa me ka pāpaʻis, a pēlā aku
Ka hoʻohana ʻana a me ka nui o ka lāʻau:Ka nui o ka lāʻaug/T hānai hui ʻiaua hōʻike ʻia ma lalo nei.
| Mea hoʻohuika nui,mg/kg(e like me kēlā me kēia mea) | |||
| Māhele holoholona | kūlokoka nui hoʻohui i ʻōlelo ʻia | Palena kiʻekiʻe | SUSTARi ʻōlelo ʻiaka nui hoʻohui |
| Puaʻa | 3-6 | 125(puaʻa liʻiliʻi) | 6.0 –15.0 |
| Moa | 6-10 | 8.0 – 15.0 | |
| Keiki bipi | 15(mea ma mua o ka ruminant) | 5-10 | |
| 30(nā keiki bipi ʻē aʻe) | 10-25 | ||
| Hipa | 15 | 5-10 | |
| Kao | 35 | 10-25 | |
| ʻO nā ʻōpala | 50 | 15-30 | |
| ʻĒ aʻe | 25 | ||
| Nānā: Hiki i ka nui i ʻōlelo ʻia ke hoʻokō i ka pono kumu no ke keleawe. Inā he pono kūikawā, hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia ka nui. | |||
Nā kikoʻī o ka hoʻopili ʻana:25kg/ʻeke, ʻeke pālua.
ʻAno mālama:Hoʻopaʻa ʻia a mālama ʻia i kahi maloʻo a me kahi anuanu, ea maikaʻi a me kahi ea maloʻo.
Ka Waihona ke ola:24nā mahina
EU kūlana no ka dioxin a me nā PCB
| Mea | Palena kiʻekiʻe |
| ʻO Dioxin | 1ng/kg |
| Nā PCB | 0.35ng/kg |
| Ka huina o ka dioxin a me nā PCB dioxin | 1.5ng/kg |
| Nā PCB Dioxin | 10μg/kg |
Hoʻokaʻaʻike Pāpāho:
ʻElaine Xu
Pūʻulu SUSTAR
Leka uila:elaine@sustarfeed.com
Kelepona Paʻalima/WhatsApp: +86 18880477902
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Iulai-22-2025
